Andrew Watson: The 'most influential' black footballer for decades lost to history

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  By Andrew Aloia BBC Sport Last updated on 11 October 2021 11 October 2021 . From the section Football Watson was a trailblazer who helped transform how football was played There are two murals of black footballers facing one another across an alleyway in Glasgow. One helped shape football as we know it, the other is Pele. Andrew Watson captained Scotland to a 6-1 win over England on his debut in 1881. He was a pioneer, the world's first black international, but for more than a century the significance of his achievements went unrecognised. Research conducted over the past three decades has left us with some biographical details: a man descended of slaves and of those who enslaved them, born in Guyana, raised to become an English gentleman and famed as one of Scottish football's first icons. And yet today, 100 years on from his death aged 64, Watson remains something of an enigma, the picture built around him a fractured one. His grainy, faded, sepia image evokes many differen
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Happy Pi Day! Here's how the famed math concept helped NASA's Perseverance rover land on Mars

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In this June 2017 photo, the supersonic parachute design that landed the Perseverance Mars rover on Mars on Feb. 18, 2021, underwent testing in a wind tunnel at NASA's Ames Research Center.
In this June 2017 photo, the supersonic parachute design that landed the Perseverance Mars rover on Mars on Feb. 18, 2021, underwent testing in a wind tunnel at NASA's Ames Research Center. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Ames)

If you're not properly appreciative of pi, NASA is here to help. 

Pi is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, a mathematical constant that rounds off to 3.14. The actual number goes on forever, but two decimal places will suffice for most of us. 

Pi is famous and important enough to be celebrated by nerds around the world — on March 14 (3/14) in the United States and on July 22 in Europe and other places that write dates in the month-day-year format. (22 July in such systems is 22/7, a division problem that works out to about 3.14.)

Related: 10 surprising facts about pi

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And NASA doesn't restrict its celebration of the constant to a single day. 

"NASA uses pi every day!" agency officials wrote in a statement on Friday (March 12). 

"Pi is instrumental in developing the size of parachutes to land on the Red Planet," they added. "In fact, pi helps engineers determine how big the parachute needs to be in order to generate the drag needed to slow down craft landing on Mars. It also helps researchers map and explore Earth and planets in our own and other solar systems."

NASA officials adorned that update with a visual aid — a June 2017 photo of a parachute test in a wind tunnel at NASA's Ames Research Center in Silicon Valley, California. The parachute being tested shared a design with the one that helped the Perseverance rover land on Mars last month. 

That 70.5-foot-wide (21.5 meters) supersonic chute opened about four minutes after Perseverance hit the top of the Martian atmosphere on Feb. 18. And you can watch that dramatic otherworldly deployment, thanks to video the rover captured during its descent.

Mike Wall is the author of "Out There" (Grand Central Publishing, 2018; illustrated by Karl Tate), a book about the search for alien life. Follow him on Twitter @michaeldwall. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom or Facebook. 

Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: community@space.com.

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