The House She Built a Source of Conflict

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There was a time when everything seemed to be going right for Amara . She was a beautiful woman, not only in appearance but in the way she carried herself. She grew up in a loving home, surrounded by parents who worked hard and believed that their children should never lack opportunities. Her father was a respected man who worked tirelessly to provide for the family, while her mother was equally hardworking. They raised their daughters with discipline, kindness, and the belief that education and hard work were the keys to a good life. Amara was the elder daughter. Her younger sister, Nadia , was also intelligent and ambitious. The two sisters grew up watching their parents work together, and they learned an important lesson from them: nothing worthwhile comes without sacrifice. As the years passed, both sisters became successful in their own ways. Amara worked hard, saved her money, and eventually achieved something she had dreamed about since she was young. She bought a beauti...
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Glacier melt is causing Earth’s crust to warp slightly, say scientists

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 As ice sheets and glaciers melt across the globe, the Earth’s crust is liberated from the overlying weight and lifts up, say scientists

Vishwam Sankaran
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The melting of ice from glaciers and landmasses such as Greenland and Antarctica is causing the Earth’s crust to warp slightly, a new study suggests.

As ice sheets and glaciers melt across the globe and water is redistributed to global oceans, the Earth’s crust is liberated from the overlying weight and lifts up, said the research published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters last week.

This melting could generate a complex pattern of three-dimensional (3D) motions at the Earth’s surface, even in places over 1,000 kilometres away from the ice loss, according to the scientists behind the study, including Sophie Coulson from Harvard University in the US.

“This 3D surface motion is on average several tenths of a millimetRE per year, and it varies significantly year to year,” the study noted.

In the research, scientists used satellite-derived data on early 21st century ice loss from Greenland, Antarctica, mountain glaciers and ice caps, to predict how the Earth’s crust deforms with changes in its mass.

Between 2003 and 2018, ice melting from Greenland and the Arctic glaciers have “caused the ground to shift horizontally” across much of the Northern Hemisphere, changing by as much as 0.3 millimetres (mm) a year in large parts of Canada and the US, said researchers.

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“We show that, rather than only being localised to regions of ice loss, melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet and Arctic glaciers has caused significant horizontal and vertical deformation of the crust that extends over much of the Northern Hemisphere,” the scientists wrote in the study.

The study predicted a crust deformation of 0.05–0.3 mm per year in most parts of Canada and the US, with a deformation of 0.05–0.2 mm per year in Europe, including parts of Fennoscandia, which constitutes Finland, Norway and Sweden.

Climate researchers call for future work to further assess crustal warping due to ice melting to improve both horizontal and vertical measurements made by navigational satellite systems.

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