By Andrew Aloia BBC Sport Last updated on 11 October 2021 11 October 2021 . From the section Football Watson was a trailblazer who helped transform how football was played There are two murals of black footballers facing one another across an alleyway in Glasgow. One helped shape football as we know it, the other is Pele. Andrew Watson captained Scotland to a 6-1 win over England on his debut in 1881. He was a pioneer, the world's first black international, but for more than a century the significance of his achievements went unrecognised. Research conducted over the past three decades has left us with some biographical details: a man descended of slaves and of those who enslaved them, born in Guyana, raised to become an English gentleman and famed as one of Scottish football's first icons. And yet today, 100 years on from his death aged 64, Watson remains something of an enigma, the picture built around him a fractured one. His grainy, faded, sepia image evokes many differen...
A probe sent by the United Arab Emirates to study the Martian atmosphere has caught an exceedingly elusive event on camera, Space.com reports: a nightside aurora on Mars.
Before the Hope orbiter’s formal science mission even began, one of its scientific instruments caught the aurora, which is a notoriously fleeting phenomenon that has proved to be very difficult to study.
Images released on Wednesday show the auroras standing out in the shape of bright structures set against the dark Martian night sky.
It’s a lovely chance encounter — the discovery wasn’t even part of the core science observations planned for the mission — that could set up the Emirates Mars Mission for many more exciting discoveries to come later this year.
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“They’re not easy to catch, and so that’s why seeing them basically right away with [Emirates Mars Mission] was kind of exciting and unexpected,” Justin Deighan, a planetary scientist at the University of Colorado and deputy science lead of the mission, told Space.com.
“It’s definitely something that was on our radar, so to speak, but just looking at our first set of nighttime data and saying, ‘Hey, wait a second — is that? — it can’t be — it is!’ — that was a lot of fun,” Deighan added.
On Earth, auroras are linked to the planet’s magnetic field. When charged particles get blasted into the atmosphere, it alters their trajectories, causing existing particles in the atmosphere to ionize and emit light of varying colors as they interact with each other.
On Mars, however, these auroras aren’t restricted to the north and south poles, appearing across the rest of the planet as well.
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The Red Planet’s magnetic atmosphere isn’t aligned like one giant bar magnet, like Earth’s.
Instead, as Deighan explained to The New York Times, it’s as if “you took a bag of magnets and dumped them into the crust of the planet.”
“And they’re all pointed different ways,” he added. “And they have different strengths.”
These scattered magnetic fields cause solar wind particles to shoot off in different directions, interacting with atoms and molecules in the planet’s upper atmosphere, which triggers the glow.
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The probe’s Ultraviolet Spectrometer was originally meant to study the massive halo of hydrogen and oxygen that surrounds the Red Planet, which eventually dissipates into open space.
“We did anticipate that the instrument would have the potential to do this,” Hessa Al Matroushi, the mission’s science lead, told Space.com. “It wasn’t designed to do it. But because we do have a mission that is targeting global coverage and we’re looking at Mars from different sides and very frequently within the atmosphere, that enabled us to have such a measurement of discrete auroras, which is very exciting.”
The team is hoping the discovery could allow “new doors of study to be opened when it comes to the Martian atmosphere and how it interacts with the solar activity,” Matroushi told the Times.
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By Andrew Aloia BBC Sport Last updated on 11 October 2021 11 October 2021 . From the section Football Watson was a trailblazer who helped transform how football was played There are two murals of black footballers facing one another across an alleyway in Glasgow. One helped shape football as we know it, the other is Pele. Andrew Watson captained Scotland to a 6-1 win over England on his debut in 1881. He was a pioneer, the world's first black international, but for more than a century the significance of his achievements went unrecognised. Research conducted over the past three decades has left us with some biographical details: a man descended of slaves and of those who enslaved them, born in Guyana, raised to become an English gentleman and famed as one of Scottish football's first icons. And yet today, 100 years on from his death aged 64, Watson remains something of an enigma, the picture built around him a fractured one. His grainy, faded, sepia image evokes many differen...
Academic rigour, journalistic flair COVID-19 Arts + Culture Business + Economy Education Environment + Energy Health + Medicine Politics Science + Technology In French Artist illustration of an exoplanet. dottedhippo/iStock via Getty Images Are there any planets outside of our solar system? July 19, 2021 2.06pm SAST Author Jean-Luc Margot Professor of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles Disclosure statement Jean-Luc Margot receives funding from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, and philanthropists. Partners University of California provides funding as a founding partner of The Conversation US. The Conversation is funded by the National Research Foundation, eight universities, including the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Rhodes University, Stellenbosch University and the Universities of Cape Town, Johannesb...
There are a lot of people, but the oceans are very big. Rosley Majid/EyeEm via Getty Images If everyone on Earth sat in the ocean at once, how much would sea level rise? March 29, 2021 2.07pm SAST Author Tony E. Wong Assistant Professor of Mathematical Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology Disclosure statement Tony E. Wong does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. Partners Rochester Institute of Technology provides funding as a member of The Conversation US. The Conversation is funded by the National Research Foundation, eight universities, including the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Rhodes University, Stellenbosch University and the Universities of Cape Town, Johannesburg, Kwa-Zulu Natal, Pretoria, and South Africa. It is hosted by the Universities of the Witwatersrand and Wester...
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